雅思语法 05 · 易错地基：冠词、介词、比较结构

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动词、时态、从句是"高楼"，但考官最先看到的往往是"地基"——冠词、介词、比较结构。这些地方错一个扣一分，错三个整段印象分就没了。这一篇把中国考生最容易踩的三块地基扫一遍。

一、冠词：a / an / the / 零冠词

规则 1：可数名词单数，不能裸奔

• 对：I read a book yesterday.
• 错：I read book yesterday.（book 是单数可数名词，必须带 a/the）

雅思写作里 every day 写成 every days、student 单独出现，都是这一类错误。

规则 2：the = 特指（双方都知道），a = 泛指（第一次提到）

I saw a strange man. The man was carrying a bag.（第一次说 a，再说 the）

规则 3：雅思写作高频"必带 the"的名词

短语	为什么
the government	特指本国的政府
the environment	特指地球环境
the number of + 复数	数量（谓语用单数）
the Internet	独一无二的东西

对比陷阱（Task 1 必考）：

• the number of cars = 汽车的数量（单数概念）：The number of cars is increasing.
• a number of cars = 一些汽车（复数概念）：A number of cars are parked here.

二、介词：三张高频表

时间介词 in / on / at

介词	用在哪	例子
in	年、月、季节、世纪	in 2020, in March, in summer, in the 21st century
on	具体某天、星期几	on Monday, on 5 May, on the weekend（美式）
at	钟点、节日、夜晚	at 7 p.m., at night, at Christmas

陷阱：morning/afternoon/evening 前面用 in（in the morning），但具体某天的早上用 on（on Monday morning）。Task 1 时间描述超高频。

动词 + 介词（雅思写作最常用 12 个）

搭配	意思	例句
depend on	取决于	Success depends on effort.
lead to	导致	Pollution leads to health problems.
contribute to	促成	Education contributes to growth.
result in	造成	The policy resulted in lower costs.
focus on	专注于	We should focus on solutions.
invest in	投资于	Governments invest in infrastructure.
benefit from	受益于	Students benefit from feedback.
apply for	申请	She applied for the job.
deal with	处理	We must deal with this issue.
agree with	同意	I agree with the view.
prevent ... from	阻止	Taxes prevent people from smoking.
provide ... with	提供	Schools provide students with skills.

形容词 + 介词（爱考的高频）

be interested in，be good at，be responsible for，be aware of，be familiar with，be concerned about，be capable of，be different from。

三、比较结构：三个必会句式

1. 同级比较 as...as

Public transport is as convenient as driving.

否定用 not as...as：Cycling is not as fast as driving.

2. 越……越……：the + 比较级，the + 比较级

The more people use public transport, the less traffic there will be.

3. 倍数表达：twice / three times + as...as

This year's budget is twice as large as last year's.

4. 比较对象必须同类

• 对：The cost of living in Beijing is higher than that in Yinchuan.（that = the cost）
• 错：The cost of living in Beijing is higher than Yinchuan.（拿"生活成本"和"银川"比，逻辑错误）

陷阱：比较级不加 more：more better 是错的，就是 better。最高级带 the：the best，the most important。

四、可数不可数（附带扫雷）

• 不可数名词没有复数，不加 a/an：information, advice, research, evidence, equipment, knowledge, traffic, furniture, luggage
• 写作高频错误：an information / advices / researches
• 要"一个信息"说 a piece of information；要"多条建议"说 some advice（不是 advices）

五、练习（答案在文末）

1. 选择：___ number of students is increasing. (A / The)
2. 改错：I have an information for you.
3. 填空：The government should invest ___ renewable energy. (in / on / for)
4. 改错：This is more better than the old system.
5. 填空：___ more you practise, ___ better you become.
6. 改错：The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.
7. 选择：We met ___ Monday morning. (in / on / at)

1. The（the number of + is，单数）
2. I have some information for you.（information 不可数）
3. in（invest in）
4. This is better than the old system.（去掉 more）
5. The more...the better
6. The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.（比较对象一致，that = the population）
7. on（具体某天的早上用 on）

系列小结

五篇基础篇到此结束：动词形态 → 时态地图 → 非谓语 → 从句 → 易错地基。这就是雅思语法的"地基五件套"。后续我们会出语法进阶篇（虚拟语气、强调句、倒装），以及语法×写作实战（用这些结构写出 7+ 范文）。下期见。

上一篇：雅思语法 04 · 从句拆解：定语、名词性、状语 + what 主语从句 ｜ 下一篇：雅思语法 · 学习地图：从动词到地基的五步路