雅思场景词汇 · 城市与住房篇 Urbanisation & Housing
城市化和住房是雅思写作 Task 1（图表）、Task 2 和口语的常客。掌握本组词汇，谈城市问题与住房政策时更有深度。
核心词汇 Core Vocabulary
城市化与城市问题
| 词汇 | 含义 | 雅思例句 |
|---|---|---|
| urbanisation | 城市化 | Rapid urbanisation has put pressure on public services. |
| megacity | 特大城市 | Megacities such as Tokyo face unique challenges. |
| urban sprawl | 城市蔓延 | Urban sprawl eats into surrounding farmland. |
| congestion | 拥堵 | Traffic congestion wastes time and fuel. |
| overcrowding | 过度拥挤 | Overcrowding in cities pushes up housing demand. |
| infrastructure | 基础设施 | Poor infrastructure limits a city's growth. |
| amenities | 配套设施 | Residents value parks, shops and other amenities. |
| sanitation | 卫生设施 | Adequate sanitation is essential for public health. |
| slum | 贫民窟 | Slums grow when housing supply fails to keep up. |
住房与居住
| 词汇 | 含义 | 雅思例句 |
|---|---|---|
| affordable housing | 可负担住房 | The shortage of affordable housing is a major concern. |
| property prices | 房价 | Property prices in city centres have soared. |
| commute | 通勤 | A long commute reduces quality of life. |
| tenant / landlord | 租户 / 房东 | Tenants complain about rising rents. |
| rental | 租赁的；租金 | Rental costs consume a large share of income. |
| dwelling | 住所 | Many families share small dwellings. |
| gentrification | 绅士化（旧区改造中产化） | Gentrification often displaces low-income residents. |
| revitalisation | 复兴、振兴 | The revitalisation of old districts attracts investment. |
规划与治理
| 词汇 | 含义 | 雅思例句 |
|---|---|---|
| zoning | 分区规划 | Zoning separates residential and industrial areas. |
| municipality | 市政当局 | The municipality is expanding the metro network. |
| public transport | 公共交通 | Reliable public transport reduces car dependence. |
| dweller | 居民 | City dwellers increasingly value green spaces. |
| skyline | 天际线 | The skyline is dominated by new towers. |
高频搭配 High-frequency Collocations
- affordable housing（可负担住房）
- property prices / market（房价 / 房地产市场）
- traffic congestion（交通拥堵）
- public transport / facilities（公共交通 / 公共设施）
- urban sprawl / planning（城市蔓延 / 城市规划）
- housing shortage / supply（住房短缺 / 供给）
- quality of life（生活质量）
- green spaces（绿地）
同义替换 Paraphrasing
| 原词 | 替换表达 |
|---|---|
| city | urban area, metropolis, conurbation |
| housing | accommodation, dwelling, property |
| crowded | congested, overcrowded, packed |
| grow | expand, spread, swell |
| poor | deprived, disadvantaged, low-income |
| move to a city | migrate to / flock to cities |
练习 Practice
A. 选词填空（congestion / affordable / urbanisation / commute / infrastructure）
- ______ has drawn millions of people into cities over the past century.
- The city suffers from severe traffic ______ during rush hours.
- Young couples struggle to find ______ housing near the city centre.
- Investing in ______ such as roads and metro lines boosts the economy.
- The average ______ time in the capital is over one hour.
B. 同义替换匹配
| 原句表达 | 替换 |
|---|---|
| 1. crowded streets | a. low-income residents |
| 2. poor families | b. urban sprawl |
| 3. the city grows outward | c. congested streets |
| 4. move to cities | d. migrate to cities |
C. 翻译（用给定搭配）
- 快速城市化给基础设施带来了巨大压力。（urbanisation / infrastructure）
- 房价飞涨使得年轻人难以购房。（property prices / afford）
- 政府应修建更多经济适用房。（affordable housing）
答案 Answers
A：1-Urbanisation 2-congestion 3-affordable 4-infrastructure 5-commute
B：1-c 2-a 3-b 4-d
C（参考译文）：
- Rapid urbanisation has placed enormous pressure on infrastructure.
- Soaring property prices make it difficult for young people to afford a home.
- The government should build more affordable housing.
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