雅思场景词汇 · 环境与气候篇 Environment & Climate
环境类话题在雅思写作 Task 2 和阅读中几乎年年出现。掌握本组词汇，论述"气候变化、能源、保护"时表达精准、不重复。
核心词汇 Core Vocabulary
气候变化与环境问题
| 词汇 | 含义 | 雅思例句 |
|---|---|---|
| climate change | 气候变化 | Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. |
| global warming | 全球变暖 | Global warming is caused mainly by human activity. |
| greenhouse gas | 温室气体 | Greenhouse gas emissions must be cut urgently. |
| carbon footprint | 碳足迹 | Flying less reduces your carbon footprint. |
| extreme weather | 极端天气 | Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent. |
| biodiversity | 生物多样性 | Deforestation threatens biodiversity. |
| deforestation | 森林砍伐 | Deforestation accelerates soil erosion. |
| habitat | 栖息地 | Many species are losing their natural habitat. |
能源与解决方案
| 词汇 | 含义 | 雅思例句 |
|---|---|---|
| renewable energy | 可再生能源 | Solar and wind are the fastest-growing renewable sources. |
| fossil fuels | 化石燃料 | Fossil fuels still supply most of the world's energy. |
| sustainable | 可持续的 | Sustainable development balances growth and the environment. |
| conservation | 保护、节约 | Wildlife conservation requires international cooperation. |
| recycling | 回收利用 | Recycling reduces the demand for raw materials. |
| mitigation | 减缓 | Mitigation aims to reduce the causes of climate change. |
| adaptation | 适应 | Adaptation helps communities cope with unavoidable impacts. |
污染与退化
| 词汇 | 含义 | 雅思例句 |
|---|---|---|
| pollution / pollutant | 污染 / 污染物 | Air pollution is linked to respiratory diseases. |
| contamination | 污染（尤指有害物） | Water contamination threatens public health. |
| degradation | 退化 | Soil degradation reduces farmland productivity. |
| depletion | 耗尽、枯竭 | The depletion of natural resources is alarming. |
| waste disposal | 废物处理 | Improper waste disposal pollutes rivers. |
| ecosystem | 生态系统 | Coral reefs are among the most fragile ecosystems. |
| ozone layer | 臭氧层 | The ozone layer is slowly recovering. |
高频搭配 High-frequency Collocations
- greenhouse gas emissions（温室气体排放）
- renewable energy / sources（可再生能源/来源）
- carbon footprint / emissions（碳足迹 / 碳排放）
- fossil fuels（化石燃料）
- environmental degradation / protection（环境退化/保护）
- climate change / crisis（气候变化/危机）
- sustainable development（可持续发展）
- wildlife conservation（野生动物保护）
同义替换 Paraphrasing
| 原词 | 替换表达 |
|---|---|
| environment | ecosystem, natural world, surroundings |
| protect | preserve, conserve, safeguard |
| damage | harm, degrade, deteriorate |
| reduce | cut, lower, minimise |
| cause | lead to, result in, give rise to |
| throw away | discard, dispose of |
练习 Practice
A. 选词填空（sustainable / emissions / biodiversity / depletion / adaptation）
- Cutting carbon ______ is a priority for industrialised nations.
- Organic farming helps preserve ______.
- The rapid ______ of groundwater threatens agriculture.
- ______ to rising sea levels requires long-term planning.
- ______ development meets present needs without harming the future.
B. 同义替换匹配
| 原句表达 | 替换 |
|---|---|
| 1. protect the environment | a. lead to pollution |
| 2. cause pollution | b. conserve the ecosystem |
| 3. reduce waste | c. dispose of waste |
| 4. throw away rubbish | d. minimise waste |
C. 翻译（用给定搭配）
- 燃烧化石燃料释放大量温室气体。（fossil fuels / greenhouse gas）
- 政府应推广可再生能源以减少碳足迹。（renewable energy / carbon footprint）
- 森林砍伐导致许多物种失去栖息地。（deforestation / habitat）
答案 Answers
A：1-emissions 2-biodiversity 3-depletion 4-Adaptation 5-Sustainable
B：1-b 2-a 3-d 4-c
C（参考译文）：
- Burning fossil fuels releases large amounts of greenhouse gases.
- Governments should promote renewable energy to reduce our carbon footprint.
- Deforestation causes many species to lose their natural habitat.
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