雅思阅读高频"熟词生义" · Familiar Words, Unfamiliar Meanings
你认识 account,却想不起它有"描述、叙述"的意思——这就是雅思阅读的经典陷阱。本专题收录阅读中出现频率最高的"第二面孔"词汇,按动词、名词、形容词分类,附语境练习与答案。
为什么雅思爱考"熟词生义"?
雅思阅读的选材来自学术期刊(Scientific American、New Scientist、The Economist 等),这些文本大量使用常用词的非常用义。你以为读懂了每个单词,却整句理解偏差——尤其在"作者观点题""词义猜测题"里,考的就是这些"第二面孔"。
开篇案例(就是它):
The article gives a detailed account of the expedition to the South Pole. 这篇文章对南极探险作了详细的叙述。
account 的常见义是"账户",但在阅读里更常考:
- n. 描述、叙述:a first-hand account(第一手描述)
- account for = 解释、说明:How do you account for the rise in prices?
- account for = 占(比例):Agriculture accounts for 30% of GDP.
Part 1 动词的"第二面孔"
| 单词 | 常见义 | 雅思阅读生义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| address | 地址 | 处理、解决 | The report addresses the problem of urban poverty. |
| argue | 争吵 | 主张、认为 | The author argues that education is the key. |
| assume | 承担 | 假定、认为 | Scientists assume the climate will continue to warm. |
| coin | 硬币 | 创造(新词/术语) | The term "globalisation" was coined in the 1960s. |
| conduct | 行为 | 进行、实施 | The team conducted a series of experiments. |
| cover | 覆盖 | 涵盖、涉及 | The course covers both theory and practice. |
| exercise | 锻炼 | 运用、行使 | Drivers should exercise caution in foggy weather. |
| figure | 数字 | 认为、估计 | Experts figure that demand will double by 2030. |
| found | 创立 | 建立、创办 | The university was founded in 1898. |
| issue | 问题 | 发布、发行 | The committee issued a new set of guidelines. |
| observe | 观察 | 遵守;评论 | All members must observe the safety rules. |
| produce | 生产 | 农产品(n.) | Farmers sell fresh produce at the market. |
| run | 跑 | 运营、管理 | She runs a small organic farm. |
| subject | 主题 | 使遭受(v.) | The samples were subjected to high temperatures. |
| yield | 产量 | 产生(v.);屈服 | The research yielded surprising results. |
| weather | 天气 | 经受住(v.) | Small businesses struggled to weather the crisis. |
| tap | 水龙头 | 开发、利用 | The city hopes to tap into solar power. |
| curb | 路边 | 抑制、控制 | New taxes aim to curb carbon emissions. |
必背搭配:
- address a problem / issue(解决问题)
- exercise control / caution(行使控制权/保持谨慎)
- yield results / data(产生结果/数据)
- subject…to…(使……遭受……)
- tap into resources / potential(开发资源/潜力)
Part 2 名词的"第二面孔"
| 单词 | 常见义 | 雅思阅读生义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| account | 账户 | 描述、叙述 | She gave a vivid account of her journey. |
| interest | 兴趣 | 利益 | The policy serves the public interest. |
| company | 公司 | 陪伴 | He kept me company during the long wait. |
| capital | 首都 | 资本 | Human capital is a nation's greatest asset. |
| faculty | 学院 | 全体教员;官能 | The faculty voted to change the curriculum. |
| current | 当前的 | 水流、电流 | The river's current is too strong to swim against. |
| character | 性格 | 特征;字符 | The two regions differ in character. |
| solution | 解决办法 | 溶液 | The chemical is dissolved in a salt solution. |
| pool | 水池 | 共用资源;汇集(v.) | The companies pooled their resources. |
| minute | 分钟 | 微小的(adj.) | Minute differences can affect the outcome. |
| table | 桌子 | 表格 | The table below shows the results. |
| staple | 订书钉 | 主食;主要的 | Rice is a staple food in many countries. |
必背搭配:
- in the public interest(符合公共利益)
- human capital(人力资本)
- a first-hand account(第一手叙述)
- pool resources(汇集资源)
Part 3 形容词的"第二面孔"
| 单词 | 常见义 | 雅思阅读生义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| novel | 小说(n.) | 新颖的 | They proposed a novel approach to recycling. |
| mean | 意味着 | 平均的;吝啬的 | The mean temperature has risen by 1.5°C. |
| modest | 谦虚的 | 适度的、不大的 | Sales saw a modest increase of 3%. |
| particular | 特别的 | 讲究的;特定的 | She is very particular about hygiene. |
| radical | 激进的 | 根本的、彻底的 | The reform brought radical changes. |
| sound | 声音 | 合理的、可靠的 | The study provides a sound basis for action. |
| severe | 严厉的 | 严峻的、严重的 | The region faces a severe water shortage. |
| telling | 说明问题的 | 有力的、显著的 | The result is a telling sign of decline. |
| trying | 尝试 | 艰难的 | These are trying times for young graduates. |
必背搭配:
- a novel approach / idea(新颖的方法/想法)
- a modest increase / decline(小幅增长/下降)
- a sound argument / basis(合理的论证/可靠的基础)
- a severe shortage / problem(严重短缺/问题)
练习 Practice
A. 语境判断(选出画线词在本句中的意思)
- The government has promised to address the housing shortage.
- A. 地址 B. 处理 C. 演讲
- The author argues that technology creates more jobs than it destroys.
- A. 争吵 B. 主张 C. 证明
- Farmers struggled to weather the drought.
- A. 天气 B. 经受住 C. 预报
- The findings yielded important insights into child development.
- A. 产量 B. 屈服 C. 产生
- Only a minute amount of the substance is needed.
- A. 分钟 B. 微小的 C. 巨大的
- The change was modest, but it marked the start of a trend.
- A. 谦虚的 B. 适度的 C. 明显的
B. 词义匹配(连接生义与例句)
| 词 | 生义 |
|---|---|
| 1. conduct a survey | a. 占(比例) |
| 2. exercise caution | b. 描述、叙述 |
| 3. account for 20% | c. 进行 |
| 4. a first-hand account | d. 运用 |
| 5. tap into resources | e. 开发 |
C. 用生义翻译(写作/口语可复用)
- 我们需要解决这一问题,而不是回避它。(address)
- 研究人员进行了一项关于睡眠的调查。(conduct)
- 农业占该国经济产出的三分之一。(account for)
- 这项政策符合公众利益。(interest)
- 她提出了一种新颖的解决方案。(novel)
答案 Answers
A:1-B 2-B 3-B 4-C 5-B 6-B
B:1-c 2-d 3-a 4-b 5-e
C(参考译文):
- We need to address this problem rather than avoid it.
- Researchers conducted a survey on sleep.
- Agriculture accounts for one third of the country's economic output.
- This policy serves the public interest.
- She proposed a novel solution.
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