雅思写作 Task 1 图表与流程图词汇专篇 · Graphs, Maps & Processes Vocabulary
Task 1 的得分关键是"词汇多样性"——同样表达"上升"，不能只会 increase。本篇按题型分类整理：数据图表、流程图、地图，附高频搭配与练习。
一、趋势词汇（线图/柱状图/表格）
上升（动词 + 名词 + 副词）
| 程度 | 动词 | 名词 |
|---|---|---|
| 快速 | soar / surge / rocket | a sharp / dramatic rise |
| 中等 | rise / increase / climb / grow | a steady / gradual increase |
| 缓慢 | edge up / creep up | a slight rise |
例句：The figure soared to 80% by 2010. / There was a steady increase in sales.
下降
| 程度 | 动词 | 名词 |
|---|---|---|
| 快速 | plunge / plummet / collapse | a dramatic fall |
| 中等 | decline / fall / drop / decrease | a gradual decline |
| 缓慢 | dip / slip back | a slight dip |
例句：Prices plummeted during the recession. / The number declined steadily after 2015.
平稳与波动
- level off / plateau（趋平）：The figure levelled off at 50%.
- remain stable / constant（保持稳定）：It remained constant throughout the period.
- fluctuate（波动）：The rate fluctuated between 10% and 15%.
- peak at / reach a peak of（达到峰值）：It peaked at 90% in 2018.
- reach a low of / bottom out at（达到低点）：It bottomed out at 5% in 2002.
二、比较与占比词汇
占比
- account for / constitute / represent：Cars accounted for 45% of journeys.
- make up：Renewables make up a quarter of the total.
- the largest / smallest proportion：The largest proportion was spent on housing.
比较
- twice / three times as … as：The figure was twice as high as in 2000.
- a similar / comparable level：Both countries reached a similar level.
- outstrip / exceed：Demand outstripped supply.
- overtake：Online sales overtook in-store sales in 2019.
- wider / narrower gap：The gap widened over the decade.
倍数与分数
- double / triple / quadruple：The number doubled between 2005 and 2015.
- a third / a quarter / half：Roughly a quarter of households owned a car.
三、流程图词汇（Process Diagram）
阶段衔接
- The process begins with / starts with …
- First / Initially / To begin with, …
- Next / Subsequently / Following this, …
- After that / Once … has been completed, …
- Finally / The final stage involves …
动作描述（被动为主——流程图标配）
- … is collected / sorted / heated / converted into …
- The raw material is transported to the factory.
- The mixture is then pressed into shape.
- The product is packaged and distributed to retailers.
流程图高分框架：
The diagram shows how paper is recycled. Overall, the process consists of six main stages, beginning with collection and ending with the production of new paper. In the first stage, used paper is collected from households. Once it has been sorted, the paper is transported to a processing plant, where it is mixed with water and chemicals to form pulp…
必写一句：Overall, the process consists of X stages, beginning with … and ending with …（Overview 必写！）
四、地图词汇（Map）
位置描述
- located / situated in the north / centre of …
- to the east / west of … / adjacent to / next to …
- in the north-east corner / along the river …
变化描述
- The area was converted into / transformed into …
- … was demolished / replaced by …
- A new road was constructed / extended to …
- The woodland was cleared to make way for …
- … remained unchanged（未变化的部分也要提）
五、Task 1 通用"套路句"
| 位置 | 句式 |
|---|---|
| 开头 | The chart illustrates / compares … |
| Overview | Overall, … showed a marked … |
| 数据 | … rose steadily from X to Y, reaching a peak of Z … |
| 比较 | … was roughly twice as high as … |
| 结尾 | In conclusion, the data reveals …（可省，Task 1 不强求结论段，但 Overview 必须有） |
练习 Practice
A. 选词填空（soar / level off / fluctuate / account for / outstrip）
- The number of visitors ______ between 2005 and 2010, never staying constant for long.
- Car use ______ 60% of all journeys in 2020.
- After a period of growth, the figure ______ at 90%.
- Demand for electricity ______ supply during the heatwave.
- House prices ______ in the first half of the decade, rising by 40%.
B. 改写（用更丰富的词汇）
- "The number went up." → 写出 3 种不同"上升"表达（含名词结构）。
- "The number went down." → 写出 3 种不同"下降"表达。
C. 流程图排序词（按逻辑补全）
The process begins with milk ______ (收集), which is then ______ (加热) to kill bacteria. Next, it ______ (被装瓶) and finally ______ (被运往) supermarkets.
答案 Answers
A：1-fluctuated 2-accounted for 3-levelled off 4-outstripped 5-soared
B（示例）： 上升：The figure rose steadily. / There was a sharp increase. / Sales climbed throughout the period. 下降：The number declined gradually. / A dramatic fall was recorded. / The figure plummeted after 2018.
C：is collected / is heated / is bottled / is transported to
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