雅思场景词汇 · 城市与住房篇 Urbanisation & Housing
城市化和住房是雅思写作 Task 1（图表）、Task 2 和口语的常客。掌握本组词汇，谈城市问题与住房政策时更有深度。
核心词汇 Core Vocabulary
城市化与城市问题
| 词汇 |
含义 |
雅思例句 |
| urbanisation |
城市化 |
Rapid urbanisation has put pressure on public services. |
| megacity |
特大城市 |
Megacities such as Tokyo face unique challenges. |
| urban sprawl |
城市蔓延 |
Urban sprawl eats into surrounding farmland. |
| congestion |
拥堵 |
Traffic congestion wastes time and fuel. |
| overcrowding |
过度拥挤 |
Overcrowding in cities pushes up housing demand. |
| infrastructure |
基础设施 |
Poor infrastructure limits a city's growth. |
| amenities |
配套设施 |
Residents value parks, shops and other amenities. |
| sanitation |
卫生设施 |
Adequate sanitation is essential for public health. |
| slum |
贫民窟 |
Slums grow when housing supply fails to keep up. |
住房与居住
| 词汇 |
含义 |
雅思例句 |
| affordable housing |
可负担住房 |
The shortage of affordable housing is a major concern. |
| property prices |
房价 |
Property prices in city centres have soared. |
| commute |
通勤 |
A long commute reduces quality of life. |
| tenant / landlord |
租户 / 房东 |
Tenants complain about rising rents. |
| rental |
租赁的；租金 |
Rental costs consume a large share of income. |
| dwelling |
住所 |
Many families share small dwellings. |
| gentrification |
绅士化（旧区改造中产化） |
Gentrification often displaces low-income residents. |
| revitalisation |
复兴、振兴 |
The revitalisation of old districts attracts investment. |
规划与治理
| 词汇 |
含义 |
雅思例句 |
| zoning |
分区规划 |
Zoning separates residential and industrial areas. |
| municipality |
市政当局 |
The municipality is expanding the metro network. |
| public transport |
公共交通 |
Reliable public transport reduces car dependence. |
| dweller |
居民 |
City dwellers increasingly value green spaces. |
| skyline |
天际线 |
The skyline is dominated by new towers. |
高频搭配 High-frequency Collocations
- affordable housing（可负担住房）
- property prices / market（房价 / 房地产市场）
- traffic congestion（交通拥堵）
- public transport / facilities（公共交通 / 公共设施）
- urban sprawl / planning（城市蔓延 / 城市规划）
- housing shortage / supply（住房短缺 / 供给）
- quality of life（生活质量）
- green spaces（绿地）
同义替换 Paraphrasing
| 原词 |
替换表达 |
| city |
urban area, metropolis, conurbation |
| housing |
accommodation, dwelling, property |
| crowded |
congested, overcrowded, packed |
| grow |
expand, spread, swell |
| poor |
deprived, disadvantaged, low-income |
| move to a city |
migrate to / flock to cities |
练习 Practice
A. 选词填空（congestion / affordable / urbanisation / commute / infrastructure）
- ______ has drawn millions of people into cities over the past century.
- The city suffers from severe traffic ______ during rush hours.
- Young couples struggle to find ______ housing near the city centre.
- Investing in ______ such as roads and metro lines boosts the economy.
- The average ______ time in the capital is over one hour.
B. 同义替换匹配
| 原句表达 |
替换 |
| 1. crowded streets |
a. low-income residents |
| 2. poor families |
b. urban sprawl |
| 3. the city grows outward |
c. congested streets |
| 4. move to cities |
d. migrate to cities |
C. 翻译（用给定搭配）
- 快速城市化给基础设施带来了巨大压力。（urbanisation / infrastructure）
- 房价飞涨使得年轻人难以购房。（property prices / afford）
- 政府应修建更多经济适用房。（affordable housing）
答案 Answers
A：1-Urbanisation 2-congestion 3-affordable 4-infrastructure 5-commute
B：1-c 2-a 3-b 4-d
C（参考译文）：
- Rapid urbanisation has placed enormous pressure on infrastructure.
- Soaring property prices make it difficult for young people to afford a home.
- The government should build more affordable housing.
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