雅思场景词汇 · 环境与气候篇 Environment & Climate
环境类话题在雅思写作 Task 2 和阅读中几乎年年出现。掌握本组词汇，论述"气候变化、能源、保护"时表达精准、不重复。
核心词汇 Core Vocabulary
气候变化与环境问题
| 词汇 |
含义 |
雅思例句 |
| climate change |
气候变化 |
Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. |
| global warming |
全球变暖 |
Global warming is caused mainly by human activity. |
| greenhouse gas |
温室气体 |
Greenhouse gas emissions must be cut urgently. |
| carbon footprint |
碳足迹 |
Flying less reduces your carbon footprint. |
| extreme weather |
极端天气 |
Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent. |
| biodiversity |
生物多样性 |
Deforestation threatens biodiversity. |
| deforestation |
森林砍伐 |
Deforestation accelerates soil erosion. |
| habitat |
栖息地 |
Many species are losing their natural habitat. |
能源与解决方案
| 词汇 |
含义 |
雅思例句 |
| renewable energy |
可再生能源 |
Solar and wind are the fastest-growing renewable sources. |
| fossil fuels |
化石燃料 |
Fossil fuels still supply most of the world's energy. |
| sustainable |
可持续的 |
Sustainable development balances growth and the environment. |
| conservation |
保护、节约 |
Wildlife conservation requires international cooperation. |
| recycling |
回收利用 |
Recycling reduces the demand for raw materials. |
| mitigation |
减缓 |
Mitigation aims to reduce the causes of climate change. |
| adaptation |
适应 |
Adaptation helps communities cope with unavoidable impacts. |
污染与退化
| 词汇 |
含义 |
雅思例句 |
| pollution / pollutant |
污染 / 污染物 |
Air pollution is linked to respiratory diseases. |
| contamination |
污染（尤指有害物） |
Water contamination threatens public health. |
| degradation |
退化 |
Soil degradation reduces farmland productivity. |
| depletion |
耗尽、枯竭 |
The depletion of natural resources is alarming. |
| waste disposal |
废物处理 |
Improper waste disposal pollutes rivers. |
| ecosystem |
生态系统 |
Coral reefs are among the most fragile ecosystems. |
| ozone layer |
臭氧层 |
The ozone layer is slowly recovering. |
高频搭配 High-frequency Collocations
- greenhouse gas emissions（温室气体排放）
- renewable energy / sources（可再生能源/来源）
- carbon footprint / emissions（碳足迹 / 碳排放）
- fossil fuels（化石燃料）
- environmental degradation / protection（环境退化/保护）
- climate change / crisis（气候变化/危机）
- sustainable development（可持续发展）
- wildlife conservation（野生动物保护）
同义替换 Paraphrasing
| 原词 |
替换表达 |
| environment |
ecosystem, natural world, surroundings |
| protect |
preserve, conserve, safeguard |
| damage |
harm, degrade, deteriorate |
| reduce |
cut, lower, minimise |
| cause |
lead to, result in, give rise to |
| throw away |
discard, dispose of |
练习 Practice
A. 选词填空（sustainable / emissions / biodiversity / depletion / adaptation）
- Cutting carbon ______ is a priority for industrialised nations.
- Organic farming helps preserve ______.
- The rapid ______ of groundwater threatens agriculture.
- ______ to rising sea levels requires long-term planning.
- ______ development meets present needs without harming the future.
B. 同义替换匹配
| 原句表达 |
替换 |
| 1. protect the environment |
a. lead to pollution |
| 2. cause pollution |
b. conserve the ecosystem |
| 3. reduce waste |
c. dispose of waste |
| 4. throw away rubbish |
d. minimise waste |
C. 翻译（用给定搭配）
- 燃烧化石燃料释放大量温室气体。（fossil fuels / greenhouse gas）
- 政府应推广可再生能源以减少碳足迹。（renewable energy / carbon footprint）
- 森林砍伐导致许多物种失去栖息地。（deforestation / habitat）
答案 Answers
A：1-emissions 2-biodiversity 3-depletion 4-Adaptation 5-Sustainable
B：1-b 2-a 3-d 4-c
C（参考译文）：
- Burning fossil fuels releases large amounts of greenhouse gases.
- Governments should promote renewable energy to reduce our carbon footprint.
- Deforestation causes many species to lose their natural habitat.
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