雅思词汇课文（10）· Tourism and its Discontents 旅游业的利与弊
旅游主题，约 350 词，融入 30 个雅思旅游类核心词。
🎧 课文朗读音频（约 1 分钟）
📖 课文 Text
Tourism and its Discontents
For millions of people, a foreign holiday is the highlight of the year. Tourism is one of the world's largest industries, employing hundreds of millions of people and generating enormous wealth for developing countries. Yet the same activity that brings income to beach resorts and mountain villages can also destroy the very attractions that visitors come to see.
The problems are now impossible to ignore. In Venice, the number of annual visitors exceeds the city's permanent population by a factor of nearly 40. Cruise ships unload thousands of tourists at once, who crowd narrow streets, pollute the canals and spend very little. In parts of Thailand, once-quiet beaches have been turned into strips of bars and souvenir shops, while locals are pushed out by rising rents. Mountain paths in the Himalayas are littered with the waste of trekkers.
Supporters of tourism argue that without visitors, many communities would have no alternative source of income. A family in a poor coastal village can earn more from running a small guesthouse than they could from fishing or farming. Tourism creates jobs, builds roads and schools, and forces governments to protect the landscapes that visitors come to enjoy.
But this argument assumes that the benefits reach the local community. In practice, much of the money spent by tourists leaks back to international hotel chains and airlines. Studies of popular destinations routinely find that less than half of what a tourist spends remains in the local economy. The result is a kind of "tourism bubble": the place looks prosperous on the surface, but the wealth flows elsewhere.
The future lies in sustainable tourism — smaller groups, longer stays, respect for local customs, and a genuine effort to put money directly into the community. The goal is not to stop travelling, but to travel in a way that leaves places better than we found them.
📝 生词表 New Words and Expressions
| Word | 音标 | 词性 | 中文 | 课文例句 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tourism | /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ | n. | 旅游业 | tourism is one of the largest industries |
| resort | /rɪˈzɔːt/ | n. | 度假胜地 | beach resorts |
| destination | /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/ | n. | 目的地 | popular destinations |
| cruise | /kruːz/ | n. | 游轮（旅行） | cruise ships |
| permanent | /ˈpɜːmənənt/ | adj. | 永久的 | permanent population |
| litter | /ˈlɪtə/ | v. | 乱扔垃圾 | littered with waste |
| trekker | /ˈtrekə/ | n. | 徒步旅行者 | the waste of trekkers |
| guesthouse | /ˈɡesthaʊs/ | n. | 旅馆、小宾馆 | a small guesthouse |
| fishing | /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ | n. | 捕鱼 | fishing or farming |
| leak | /liːk/ | v. | 漏出、流失 | money leaks back to chains |
| chain | /tʃeɪn/ | n. | 连锁店 | international hotel chains |
| airline | /ˈeəlaɪn/ | n. | 航空公司 | airlines |
| prosperous | /ˈprɒspərəs/ | adj. | 繁荣的 | looks prosperous on the surface |
| sustainable | /səˈsteɪnəbl/ | adj. | 可持续的 | sustainable tourism |
| tourist | /ˈtʊərɪst/ | n. | 游客 | thousands of tourists |
| holiday | /ˈhɒlədeɪ/ | n. | 假期 | a foreign holiday |
| income | /ˈɪnkʌm/ | n. | 收入 | brings income to resorts |
| employment | /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ | n. | 就业 | generating employment |
| industry | /ˈɪndəstri/ | n. | 产业 | one of the world's largest industries |
| crowd | /kraʊd/ | v. | 挤满 | who crowd narrow streets |
| pollute | /pəˈluːt/ | v. | 污染 | pollute the canals |
| rent | /rent/ | n. | 租金 | rising rents |
| community | /kəˈmjuːnəti/ | n. | 社区 | local community |
| landscape | /ˈlændskeɪp/ | n. | 风景、地貌 | protect the landscapes |
| benefit | /ˈbenɪfɪt/ | n. | 好处 | the benefits reach the local community |
| local | /ˈləʊkl/ | adj. | 当地的 | the local economy |
| surface | /ˈsɜːfɪs/ | n. | 表面 | on the surface |
| future | /ˈfjuːtʃə/ | n. | 未来 | the future lies in sustainable tourism |
| respect | /rɪˈspekt/ | n. | 尊重 | respect for local customs |
| traveller | /ˈtrævlə/ | n. | 旅行者 | travellers come to enjoy |
🧠 课文理解 Comprehension
1. The example of Venice is used to show that...
- A. tourism benefits everyone
- B. the number of visitors can overwhelm a city
- C. Venetians dislike tourists
- D. cruise ships are harmless
2. According to Paragraph 3, supporters of tourism argue that it...
- A. causes overcrowding
- B. provides income and jobs for local people
- C. should be banned
- D. destroys the environment
3. The "tourism bubble" refers to...
- A. the fact that tourists live in a fantasy world
- B. destinations that look prosperous but lose most money to outside companies
- C. hotels that are isolated from local life
- D. short holiday trips
4. According to the passage, how much of tourist spending typically stays in the local economy?
- A. almost all of it
- B. roughly half or less
- C. none of it
- D. only government tax
5. The writer's recommended approach is...
- A. stop all international travel
- B. small-scale, sustainable tourism that benefits locals
- C. build more large resorts
- D. raise prices to exclude most tourists
✏️ 词汇练习 Vocabulary Practice
Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the list. Change the form where necessary.
| destination / landscape / permanent / prosperous / respect / sustainable / tourist / traveller |
- The small town has grown into a popular winter ______.
- The company moved its ______ offices to the capital.
- The government aims to promote ______ development that does not harm the environment.
- The national park protects a spectacular mountain ______.
- A good guidebook helps the independent ______ discover places off the beaten track.
- Visitors should show ______ for local customs and traditions.
- After years of hard work, the city finally became ______.
- The castle is the city's most famous ______ attraction.
✅ 答案 Answers
Comprehension
- B（"visitors exceed the city's permanent population by nearly 40 times"）
- B（"creates jobs, builds roads and schools"）
- B（"looks prosperous on the surface, but the wealth flows elsewhere"）
- B（"less than half of what a tourist spends remains"）
- B（"smaller groups, longer stays... put money directly into the community"）
Vocabulary
- destination 2. permanent 3. sustainable 4. landscape 5. traveller 6. respect 7. prosperous 8. tourist
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