雅思阅读 011 · Climate Change and Human Migration

环境/社会主题。题型：T/F/NG + 填空。难度：中等（P2）。

🎧 课文朗读音频（约 1 分钟）

正文 Passage

For years, climate scientists have warned that rising sea levels, prolonged droughts and increasingly severe storms will displace millions of people. The term often used is "climate refugees" — people forced to leave their homes because the land can no longer support them. The reality, however, is more complex than the simple image of a flooded village.

Research suggests that the majority of people affected by climate change do not cross international borders. Instead, they move internally — from drought-stricken rural areas to cities, from coastal regions to higher ground. The World Bank estimates that by 2050, there could be more than 200 million internal climate migrants within their own countries. Only a small fraction will attempt to reach Europe, North America or other wealthy nations.

This pattern makes sense. Migration is expensive and risky. A farmer whose land has turned to dust may not have the money to travel to another continent. He may, however, move to the nearest town, where he can find work and send money back to his family. For governments, the challenge is not managing a flood of arrivals from abroad — it is preparing cities for the millions of internal migrants already on the move.

The countries most affected are not the ones that contributed least to the problem. Small island nations in the Pacific, already losing land to rising seas, face the prospect of disappearing entirely. Countries in the Sahel, on the southern edge of the Sahara, are experiencing longer and more severe droughts. These are regions that have emitted almost no carbon dioxide, yet they bear the heaviest cost.

There are no easy solutions. Building sea walls can buy time, but not indefinitely. Helping farmers adapt to drier conditions — through drought-resistant crops, more efficient irrigation — can slow the outflow from rural areas. But the only durable solution is to reduce the emissions that drive climate change in the first place. Until that happens, migration will continue, and the people most affected will remain those least responsible for the crisis.

题目 Questions

Questions 1-5: T/F/NG

1. Most climate refugees cross international borders.

2. The World Bank predicts 200 million internal climate migrants by 2050.

3. Migration to another country is usually cheap and safe.

4. Small island nations in the Pacific are at risk of disappearing.

5. Countries that emit the most carbon are the most affected by climate change.

Questions 6-10: Complete the notes. NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.

• People who move within their own country are called (6) ____________ migrants.
• A farmer may move to the nearest (7) ____________ and send money home.
• Small (8) ____________ nations are losing land to rising seas.
• Drought-resistant crops and efficient (9) ____________ can help farmers adapt.
• The only durable solution is to reduce (10) ____________.

答案 Answers

核心词汇

climate refugee / migration / drought / sea level / internal migrant / irrigation / Sahel / emissions / displacement / adapt / durable