雅思写作全真模拟 Task 2 · 城市交通拥堵（Problem/Solution · 范文+拆解）
Problem/Solution 题型：先分析原因，再给解决方案。本题讨论大城市交通拥堵。
题目 Task
More and more people are using cars in large cities, causing severe traffic congestion.
What are the causes of this problem, and what can be done to solve it?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
审题要点
| 考点 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 题型 | Problem/Solution——必须回答两个问题：原因是什么 + 怎么解决 |
| 结构 | 原因段 + 方案段，不要混在一起 |
| 关键词 | "more and more people using cars"——核心是为什么开车的人多 |
| 陷阱 | 不要只说"修路"，要从行为和政策层面分析 |
范文（约 300 词）
Traffic congestion has become one of the most pressing problems in major cities worldwide. This essay examines the main causes of rising car dependency and proposes practical solutions.
The primary cause is the rapid growth of urban populations combined with inadequate public transport. As cities expand, many people live in suburbs where bus and train services are infrequent or unreliable. When commuters cannot depend on public transit, they have little choice but to drive. A further factor is the convenience and status associated with car ownership. Cars offer door-to-door travel, privacy and flexibility that public transport simply cannot match. For families, in particular, owning a car is often seen as a practical necessity rather than a luxury.
To address this problem, governments must make public transport a more attractive option. This means investing in frequent, reliable and affordable bus and rail networks. Cities such as Zurich and Singapore have demonstrated that excellent public transit can significantly reduce car usage. In addition, city councils should implement congestion charging schemes, like the one in London, where drivers pay to enter the city centre. This both discourages unnecessary car trips and raises revenue for public transport.
Another effective measure is to create more pedestrian-friendly areas and cycle lanes. When walking and cycling become safe and convenient, short journeys that would otherwise be made by car can be replaced. Amsterdam and Copenhagen have shown how cities designed around people rather than cars can dramatically reduce congestion and improve air quality.
In conclusion, traffic congestion is caused by a combination of poor public transport and the convenience of car travel. It can only be solved by making sustainable alternatives genuinely more attractive than driving.
逐段拆解
| 段落 | 功能 | 高分手法 |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction | 引入+结构预告 | "examines… proposes" 明确回答两问 |
| 原因段 | 两个原因 | ①公共交通不足→郊区通勤被迫开车 ②汽车便利性和家庭需求 |
| 方案段 1 | 公共交通+拥堵收费 | Zurich/Singapore + London congestion charge 举例 |
| 方案段 2 | 步行+骑行 | Amsterdam/Copenhagen 举例 |
| Conclusion | 总结 | "combination of… can only be solved by…" 收束 |
高分词汇
- traffic congestion / car dependency（交通拥堵/汽车依赖）
- inadequate public transport（公共交通不足）
- door-to-door travel（门到门出行）
- congestion charging（拥堵收费）
- pedestrian-friendly（步行友好）
- sustainable alternatives（可持续替代方案）
- pressing problem（紧迫问题）
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