English Encyclopedia · Focus 24 | Geography Index
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
世界地理列表 · Chinese annotation
The continents, countries, mountains, rivers, deserts, oceans, seas and islands that form the skeleton of our planet. Figures follow commonly accepted reference values for general study and exam preparation.
7
Continents
195
Sovereign States
8 bn
World Population
510 M km²
Total Surface Area
Deep-Dives 详解页 · click to explore
01
The Seven Continents
by area · unit M km²
1 · ASIA
Asia 亚洲
44.6 M km²
Pop. 4,600 M · 60% of humanity
Largest: China, Russia, India
Highest point: Everest
人口占比全球六成 · 世界屋脊所在地
2 · AFRICA
Africa 非洲
30.4 M km²
Pop. 1,400 M · 54 countries
Largest: Algeria, DR Congo
Home to the Sahara & Nile
撒哈拉与尼罗河 · 国家最多的洲
3 · N. AMERICA
North America 北美洲
24.7 M km²
Pop. 600 M · 23 countries
Largest: Canada, USA, Mexico
Great Lakes & Rockies
五大湖与落基山 · 加拿大最广
4 · S. AMERICA
South America 南美洲
17.8 M km²
Pop. 430 M · 12 countries
Largest: Brazil (half the area)
Amazon basin & Andes
亚马逊雨林与安第斯山脉
5 · ANTARCTICA
Antarctica 南极洲
14.2 M km²
Pop. ~4,000 (seasonal)
Covered by ice up to 4.8 km
Coldest place on Earth
冰层最厚4.8千米 · 世界最冷
6 · EUROPE
Europe 欧洲
10.2 M km²
Pop. 750 M · ~50 countries
Smallest continent except Oceania
Alps, Danube & Rhine
阿尔卑斯山 · 多瑙河与莱茵河
7 · OCEANIA
Oceania 大洋洲
8.5 M km²
Pop. 45 M · ~14 countries
Australia = 86% of the land
Great Barrier Reef & outback
大堡礁 · 澳大利亚占陆地八成六
02
Countries of the World
主要国家 · capital / area / population
Asia 亚洲
| Country | Capital | Area (M km²) | Population (M) |
|---|---|---|---|
| China 中国 | Beijing | 9.60 | 1,412 |
| India 印度 | New Delhi | 3.29 | 1,408 |
| Indonesia 印尼 | Jakarta | 1.90 | 274 |
| Pakistan 巴基斯坦 | Islamabad | 0.88 | 232 |
| Japan 日本 | Tokyo | 0.38 | 125 |
| Bangladesh 孟加拉 | Dhaka | 0.15 | 169 |
| Türkiye 土耳其 | Ankara | 0.78 | 85 |
| Iran 伊朗 | Tehran | 1.65 | 88 |
| Thailand 泰国 | Bangkok | 0.51 | 72 |
| South Korea 韩国 | Seoul | 0.10 | 52 |
| Saudi Arabia 沙特 | Riyadh | 2.15 | 35 |
| Vietnam 越南 | Hanoi | 0.33 | 99 |
Europe 欧洲
| Country | Capital | Area (M km²) | Population (M) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Russia 俄罗斯 | Moscow | 17.1 | 144 |
| Germany 德国 | Berlin | 0.36 | 84 |
| United Kingdom 英国 | London | 0.24 | 67 |
| France 法国 | Paris | 0.55 | 68 |
| Italy 意大利 | Rome | 0.30 | 59 |
| Spain 西班牙 | Madrid | 0.51 | 48 |
| Ukraine 乌克兰 | Kyiv | 0.60 | 37 |
| Poland 波兰 | Warsaw | 0.31 | 38 |
| Netherlands 荷兰 | Amsterdam | 0.04 | 17.7 |
| Switzerland 瑞士 | Bern | 0.04 | 8.8 |
Africa 非洲
| Country | Capital | Area (M km²) | Population (M) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nigeria 尼日利亚 | Abuja | 0.92 | 224 |
| Egypt 埃及 | Cairo | 1.00 | 106 |
| Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚 | Addis Ababa | 1.10 | 126 |
| DR Congo 刚果(金) | Kinshasa | 2.35 | 102 |
| South Africa 南非 | Pretoria | 1.22 | 60 |
| Algeria 阿尔及利亚 | Algiers | 2.38 | 45 |
| Kenya 肯尼亚 | Nairobi | 0.58 | 54 |
| Tanzania 坦桑尼亚 | Dodoma | 0.95 | 67 |
| Ghana 加纳 | Accra | 0.24 | 33 |
| Morocco 摩洛哥 | Rabat | 0.45 | 37 |
North America 北美洲
| Country | Capital | Area (M km²) | Population (M) |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States 美国 | Washington | 9.83 | 335 |
| Canada 加拿大 | Ottawa | 9.98 | 40 |
| Mexico 墨西哥 | Mexico City | 1.96 | 128 |
| Guatemala 危地马拉 | Guatemala City | 0.11 | 18 |
| Cuba 古巴 | Havana | 0.11 | 11 |
| Haiti 海地 | Port-au-Prince | 0.03 | 11.6 |
| Panama 巴拿马 | Panama City | 0.08 | 4.4 |
| Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加 | San José | 0.05 | 5.2 |
South America 南美洲
| Country | Capital | Area (M km²) | Population (M) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil 巴西 | Brasília | 8.52 | 216 |
| Argentina 阿根廷 | Buenos Aires | 2.78 | 46 |
| Colombia 哥伦比亚 | Bogotá | 1.14 | 52 |
| Peru 秘鲁 | Lima | 1.29 | 34 |
| Venezuela 委内瑞拉 | Caracas | 0.92 | 28 |
| Chile 智利 | Santiago | 0.76 | 20 |
| Ecuador 厄瓜多尔 | Quito | 0.28 | 18 |
| Bolivia 玻利维亚 | La Paz / Sucre | 1.10 | 12 |
Oceania 大洋洲
| Country | Capital | Area (M km²) | Population (M) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia 澳大利亚 | Canberra | 7.69 | 26 |
| Papua New Guinea 巴新 | Port Moresby | 0.46 | 9.9 |
| New Zealand 新西兰 | Wellington | 0.27 | 5.2 |
| Fiji 斐济 | Suva | 0.02 | 0.9 |
| Solomon Islands 所罗门 | Honiara | 0.03 | 0.7 |
03
Mountain Ranges
高度 in metres · mostly Himalaya–Karakoram
The Ten Highest Peaks
Mount Everest 珠穆朗玛8848 m
K2 乔戈里8611 m
Kangchenjunga 干城章嘉8586 m
Lhotse 洛子8516 m
Makalu 马卡鲁8463 m
Cho Oyu 卓奥友8201 m
Dhaulagiri 道拉吉里8167 m
Manaslu 马纳斯鲁8163 m
Nanga Parbat 南迦帕尔巴特8126 m
Annapurna I 安纳普尔纳8091 m
Highest Point of Each Continent
Aconcagua · S. America 南美6961 m
Denali · N. America 北美6190 m
Kilimanjaro · Africa 非洲5895 m
Elbrus · Europe 欧洲5642 m
Vinson · Antarctica 南极4892 m
Kosciuszko · Oceania 大洋洲2228 m
Asia's highest, Everest, exceeds every other continent's high point.
Himalaya 喜马拉雅
Asia · 10 peaks above 8000 m
Mount Everest 珠穆朗玛
8,848 m · highest peak
Andes 安第斯
S. America · world's longest range
Rockies 落基山
N. America · spine of the West
Alps 阿尔卑斯
Europe · Mont Blanc 4808 m
Ural 乌拉尔
Eurasia boundary · 2000 km
04
Major Rivers
全长 in km
Ranked by Length
Nile · Africa 尼罗河 非洲6650 km
Amazon · S. America 亚马逊 南美6400 km
Yangtze · China 长江 中国6300 km
Mississippi–Missouri 密西西比 北美6275 km
Yenisei · Siberia 叶尼塞 西伯利亚5539 km
Yellow River · China 黄河 中国5464 km
Ob–Irtysh · Siberia 鄂毕河 西伯利亚5410 km
Paraná · S. America 巴拉那 南美4880 km
Congo · Africa 刚果河 非洲4700 km
Amur · East Asia 黑龙江 东亚4444 km
The Amazon carries more water than any other river — about one fifth of all freshwater discharge.
05
Deserts of the World
面积 M km² · largest hot & cold deserts
Sahara 撒哈拉 非洲9.2 M km²
Arabian 阿拉伯半岛2.3 M km²
Gobi 戈壁 中蒙1.3 M km²
Kalahari 卡拉哈里 非洲0.9 M km²
Patagonia 巴塔哥尼亚 南美0.7 M km²
Great Victoria 大维多利亚 澳洲0.35 M km²
Great Basin 大盆地 北美0.49 M km²
Antarctic Desert 南极荒漠 极地14.0 M km²
Arctic Desert 北极荒漠 极地13.9 M km²
A desert is defined by dryness, not heat: the largest deserts are actually the frozen polar regions.
06
Oceans · Seas · Lakes
oceans/seas M km² · lakes k km²
The Five Oceans
Pacific 太平洋181 M km²
Atlantic 大西洋106 M km²
Indian 印度洋70.6 M km²
Southern 南大洋20.3 M km²
Arctic 北冰洋14.1 M km²
Major Lakes
Caspian Sea 里海371 k km²
Lake Superior 苏必利尔82 k km²
Lake Victoria 维多利亚69 k km²
Lake Huron 休伦60 k km²
Lake Michigan 密歇根58 k km²
Lake Tanganyika 坦噶尼喀32.9 k km²
Baikal 贝加尔 最深的湖31.7 k km² · 1642 m deep
Largest Seas
Philippine Sea 菲律宾海5.7 M km²
Coral Sea 珊瑚海4.8 M km²
Arabian Sea 阿拉伯海3.9 M km²
South China Sea 南海3.5 M km²
Caribbean Sea 加勒比海2.8 M km²
Mediterranean 地中海2.5 M km²
07
Largest Islands
面积 M km²
Greenland 格陵兰2.16
New Guinea 新几内亚0.79
Borneo 婆罗洲0.74
Madagascar 马达加斯加0.59
Baffin Island 巴芬岛0.51
Sumatra 苏门答腊0.47
Honshu 本州0.23
The Longest Mountain Chain (on land)
The Andes 安第斯山脉 stretch about 7,000 km along the west coast of South America — the world's longest continental mountain range.
Deepest Points
Mariana Trench 马里亚纳海沟11,034 m
Lake Baikal (deepest lake) 贝加尔湖1,642 m
08
Extreme Records
世界之最 · worth remembering
HIGHEST PEAK
8848 m
Mount Everest 珠穆朗玛峰
LONGEST RIVER
6650 km
Nile 尼罗河
LARGEST COUNTRY
17.1 M km²
Russia 俄罗斯
MOST POPULOUS
1,412 M
China 中国
LARGEST DESERT
14.0 M km²
Antarctic 南极荒漠
DEEPEST TRENCH
11,034 m
Mariana Trench 马里亚纳
SMALLEST STATE
0.44 km²
Vatican City 梵蒂冈
DENSEST POPULATION
21,000/km²
Monaco 摩纳哥
09
Did You Know?
趣味地理知识点
About 71% of Earth's surface is ocean. 地球表面约71%是海洋 — yet we know more about the surface of Mars than the deep ocean floor.
All seven continents were once one supercontinent, Pangaea. 七大洲曾是一整块盘古大陆 — they have been drifting apart for about 200 million years.
The Pacific is bigger than all land combined. 太平洋比所有陆地面积还大 — about 181 million km² versus 149 million km² of land.
Russia spans 11 time zones 俄罗斯横跨11个时区 — the most of any country on Earth.
Mount Everest is still growing 珠峰仍在长高 — about 4 mm per year as the Indian plate pushes into Eurasia.
Lake Baikal holds one fifth of the world's fresh water. 贝加尔湖占全球淡水五分之一 — and it is the world's oldest and deepest lake.
Africa is the only continent in all four hemispheres. 非洲是唯一横跨东西南北四个半球的大洲 — the Equator and the prime meridian both cross it.
There are about 195 countries, 世界上约有195个主权国家 — but the exact number depends on how you count (the UN recognises 193 members plus Palestine and the Vatican).
English Encyclopedia · World Geography Index — English first, Chinese as annotation. 正文英文为主 · 中文作注解
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